The patella would be the kneecap and articulates Together with the distal femur. The tibia could be the larger sized, pounds-bearing bone Found on the medial facet of the leg, and the fibula is The skinny bone of your lateral leg. The bones of your foot are divided into three groups. The posterior percentage of the foot is formed by a group of 7 bones, each of which is called a tarsal bone, While the mid-foot incorporates five elongated bones, Every single of which happens to be a metatarsal bone. The toes include 14 small bones, Each individual of and that is a phalanx bone with the foot.

The head of the fibula would be the small, knob-like, proximal conclude of the fibula. It articulates Together with the inferior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint. The thin shaft with the fibula has the interosseous border of your fibula, a narrow ridge working down its medial facet to the attachment of the interosseous membrane that spans the fibula and tibia.

The tibial tuberosity is definitely an elevated area within the anterior side of your tibia, around its proximal finish. It's the ultimate site of attachment for that muscle tendon associated with the patella. Far more inferiorly, the shaft with the tibia becomes triangular in shape. The anterior apex of this triangle types the anterior border on the tibia, which commences within the tibial tuberosity and runs inferiorly along the size on the tibia. Both equally the anterior border and the medial side from the triangular shaft are located quickly underneath the pores and skin and will be easily palpated along the whole length from the tibia.

The lower limbs are definitely the supporting pillars after we stand. A pillar need to have power and must not collapse underneath the weight higher than. The bones, joints and muscles collectively convert the lower limb right into a stable guidance which can be associated with the trunk with the pelvic girdle. The pillar is divided into segments, the thigh, leg and foot.

Medial and lateral rotation convert the femur inwards and outwards. These actions transform the foot inwards and outwards as there isn't any rotation on the knee.

The talus articulates inferiorly With all the calcaneus bone. The sustentaculum tali of your calcaneus helps to help the talus. Anterior to the talus is the navicular bone, and anterior to this are definitely the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones. The cuboid bone is anterior for the calcaneus.

The fovea capitis can be a insignificant indentation around the medial aspect from the femoral head that serves as the location of attachment for your ligament of The top on the femur. This ligament spans the femur and acetabulum, but is weak and presents small assistance to the hip joint. It does, however, carry a vital artery that materials the head with the femur.

While in the deep layer, the tibialis posterior has its origin about the interosseus membrane along with the neighbouring bone parts and operates down guiding the medial malleolus. Beneath the foot it splits right into a thick medial portion connected on the navicular bone and a slightly weaker lateral element inserted on the a few cuneiform bones. The muscle mass provides simultaneous plantar flexion and supination within the non-bodyweight-bearing leg, and lower limb supports approximates the heel for the calf from the leg. The flexor hallucis longus arises distally over the fibula and to the interosseus membrane from the place its reasonably thick muscle belly extends considerably distally. Its tendon extends beneath the flexor retinaculum to the only real on the foot and finally attaches on The bottom of the final phalanx in the hallux.

The posterior half in the foot is shaped by 7 tarsal bones ([backlink]). One of the most top-quality bone is the talus. This has a relatively square-shaped, upper surface area that articulates Along with the tibia and fibula to sort the ankle joint. A few parts of articulation variety the ankle joint: The superomedial area of your talus bone articulates While using the medial malleolus of the tibia, the top of the talus articulates Using the distal finish from the tibia, and also the lateral side from the talus articulates Using the lateral malleolus of the fibula.

These muscles unite in a big terminal tendon, the Achilles tendon, that's connected for the posterior tubercle from the calcaneus. The plantaris closely follows the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Its tendon operates concerning All those on the soleus and gastrocnemius and is also embedded inside the medial stop from the calcaneus tendon.[32]

The base of the fifth metatarsal has a considerable, lateral growth that provides for muscle attachments. This expanded base from the fifth metatarsal may be felt as being a bony bump in the midpoint along the lateral border of the foot. The expanded distal end of each and every metatarsal is The pinnacle from the metatarsal bone. Every single metatarsal bone articulates Along with the proximal phalanx of a toe to sort a metatarsophalangeal joint. The heads in the metatarsal bones also relaxation on the ground and form the ball (anterior conclusion) of the foot.

These aspects may possibly more info bring about within an imbalance during the muscle mass pull that acts around the patella, leading to an abnormal monitoring with the patella that enables it to deviate far too significantly toward the lateral aspect from the patellar surface around the distal femur.

Usually, the big joints from the lower limb are aligned in a very straight line, which represents the mechanical longitudinal axis with the leg, the Mikulicz line. This line stretches in the hip joint (or maybe more precisely The top of the femur), throughout the knee joint (the intercondylar eminence of your tibia), and right down to the middle of the ankle (the ankle mortise, the fork-like grip amongst the medial and lateral malleoli). Inside the tibial shaft, the mechanical and anatomical axes coincide, but in the femoral shaft they diverge six°, leading to the femorotibial angle of 174° in a leg with usual axial alignment.

Check out this site to execute a Digital knee substitution surgical treatment. The prosthetic knee parts needs to be correctly aligned to function adequately. How Is that this alignment ensured?